Precise goal-directed movements are important in everyday life and crucial in sports. In order to execute such movements, cortical brain areas form a functional network. Besides the localization and activity of individual areas, the most important variable to describe a network is the information flow, defined as effective connectivity, between its components. This work aims to map brain network dynamics of sensorimotor control during goal-directed movement by means of localization, activity and event-related causality. This is done by using electroencephalography during a targeted precision task in the laboratory and during golf putting on the outside green. Based on source reconstructed signals, dipole localization and time-frequency decomposition are used to identify task-related brain areas. Subsequently, autoregressive models are fitted to the source signals to estimate event-related causality relative to movement onsets utilizing the concept of Granger causality. For the precision task in the laboratory, anterior cingulate cortex, as well as motor, sensory and parietal areas were identified as task-related. Event-related causality is mainly found between frontal and motor areas within 1.5 s before and 1 s after the movement. The results indicate processes of attentional control, sensorimotor information integration and performance monitoring. Brain network dynamics can be analyzed by means of localization, activity and connectivity during the execution of precise goal-directed movements. Future studies will have to show how these dynamics are modulated by e.g. performance, skill level or fatigue. Findings from the measurements on the putting green add to currently discussed methodological problems in mobile functional brain imaging and emphasizes the need for further research in this direction. |